DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction and Radiotherapy

A Guide to DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction and Radiotherapy

Among the available options for breast reconstruction, DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction stands out due to its unique approach, utilising the patient’s own abdominal tissue to recreate the breast. This method not only offers an alternative that can feel more natural but also avoids the use of implants. Understanding the intricacies of this option, as well as the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer, is essential for those considering their reconstructive choices.

In this blog, Sydney Specialist Plastic Surgeon Dr Bish Soliman aims to provide a detailed insight into both DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction and the implications of undergoing radiotherapy.

Download Dr Bish Soliman Cosmetic Breast Surgery Guide

Ultimate Guide To Cosmetic Breast Surgery

• Name*
  First Last
• Phone Number*
• Email*
• Message
• Would you like us to contact you?
  • Yes - please contact me
  • No - Not ready just yet!
• Best time to call
  No preference9:00 AM - 10:00AM10:00 AM - 11:00 AM11:00 AM - 12:00 PM12:00 PM - 1:00 PM1:00 PM - 2:00 PM2:00 PM - 3:00 PM3:00 PM - 4:00 PM4:00 PM - 5:00 PM
• Name
  This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.

Δ

 What is DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction?

DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction is a sophisticated surgical procedure that involves using the patient’s own abdominal skin and fat to reconstruct a breast following mastectomy without sacrificing the muscles, thus preserving abdominal strength. The acronym DIEP stands for Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator, which refers to the blood vessels that supply the skin and fat used in the reconstruction. This technique is preferred for its dual benefits: it reconstructs the breast while potentially improving the abdomen’s appearance.

The decision to opt for DIEP Flap reconstruction is significant. It offers an option that avoids implants and uses the body’s own tissue, which can lead to a more natural look and feel. The absence of foreign material means there are generally fewer long-term complications related to implant rejection or failure. Furthermore, because the abdominal muscle is preserved, patients typically experience less pain during recovery and maintain their original muscle strength, which is advantageous for overall mobility and health.

However, the procedure is not without its complexities. It requires a highly skilled surgical team and a longer operation time compared to traditional reconstruction methods. The preparation for surgery is extensive, including detailed imaging to map the blood vessels. Post-operatively, both the chest and abdominal areas will need time to heal, necessitating a hospital stay and a period of reduced activity.

Eligibility for DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction

Candidates for this type of reconstruction are those with enough abdominal fat to create a breast mound without compromising the abdominal wall’s integrity. It’s important for potential patients to have realistic expectations about the outcomes and to understand that while the reconstruction seeks to create a breast that is similar in appearance and feel to a natural breast, it will not be identical.

Health considerations are also essential; individuals with certain conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, may face increased risks during surgery. Similarly, lifestyle factors, particularly smoking, can affect blood flow and healing, thereby possibly excluding some individuals from being suitable candidates. Previous abdominal surgeries may also impact eligibility, as they could alter the vascular landscape necessary for a successful DIEP flap.

During Radiotherapy: What to Expect

Radiotherapy involves a series of treatment sessions designed to target and destroy cancer cells.

• Treatment Sessions: Radiotherapy sessions are typically brief, lasting only a few minutes each, although the total visit time may be longer due to preparation and positioning. The treatment is painless, but maintaining the same position might be uncomfortable for some.
• Skin Reactions: One of the most common side effects is skin irritation in the treated area, ranging from mild redness to more significant reactions resembling sunburn. The healthcare team will provide guidance on managing these reactions, including moisturisers or creams that are safe to use and how to apply them gently.
• Fatigue: Some patients experience fatigue as a side effect of radiotherapy. This fatigue can be cumulative, increasing as treatment progresses. Planning for rest and modifying daily activities can help manage energy levels. Maintaining a healthy diet and staying hydrated are also important.
• Care for the Treated Area: Special care for the skin and reconstructed breast during radiotherapy is essential. This includes gentle washing with lukewarm water, patting the area dry (rather than rubbing), and avoiding exposure to extreme temperatures, such as hot showers or ice packs.
• Monitoring for Side Effects: Regular follow-up appointments with the radiation oncology team are an important part of the treatment process. These sessions provide an opportunity to monitor the skin and overall health, adjust the treatment plan if necessary, and address any side effects or concerns.

Post-Radiotherapy Care

Following the completion of radiotherapy, attention shifts to the care and recovery of the treated area and the overall well-being of the patient. The post-radiotherapy phase is crucial for healing and managing any late effects of treatment, particularly for those who have undergone or are planning to undergo breast reconstruction.

• Immediate Post-Treatment Care: The skin in the treated area may continue to show signs of irritation or sensitivity for a few weeks after the completion of radiotherapy. Continuing with a gentle skin care routine, including the use of mild, non-irritating products and avoiding direct sunlight on the treated area, is important for healing.
• Monitoring for Late Effects: Some effects of radiotherapy may emerge after the immediate post-treatment period. These can include changes in skin texture, increased firmness in the breast tissue, or the development of lymphoedema (swelling due to lymph fluid buildup).
• Physical Rehabilitation: Engaging in physical therapy or guided exercises can aid in regaining strength and mobility, particularly if the chest or arm on the treated side was affected. A tailored exercise program can help address specific needs and promote overall physical recovery.
• Nutritional Support: Maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet helps support the body’s healing process. Some patients may find it beneficial to consult with a dietitian for personalised advice on nutrition post-radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy and Breast Reconstruction

Radiotherapy is a treatment option that uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells, often employed after breast surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. It can be a critical component of the overall treatment plan for many patients undergoing breast cancer treatment, including those who have had breast reconstruction.

• Role in Breast Cancer Treatment: Radiotherapy is recommended based on cancer’s characteristics, such as its stage, whether it has spread to lymph nodes, and other risk factors for recurrence. It can be administered before or after breast reconstruction, with the timing influenced by various clinical factors and the type of reconstruction performed.
• Types of Radiotherapy: The main type used in breast cancer treatment is external beam radiation therapy, which delivers radiation from outside the body to the breast area. Techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) allow for more precise targeting, reducing the risk of side effects.
• Impact on Reconstruction: The decision to use radiotherapy and its timing relative to breast reconstruction requires careful consideration. Radiotherapy can affect the reconstructed breast, potentially leading to changes in the appearance, texture, and healing of the tissue. These effects underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment planning, involving oncologists, surgeons, and radiation specialists.

Radiotherapy after Breast Reconstruction

When radiotherapy is necessary after breast reconstruction, particularly after a DIEP flap procedure, understanding the implications and how to prepare is vital for optimal treatment and recovery outcomes.

• Timing and Considerations: The timing of radiotherapy in relation to breast reconstruction can vary. Immediate reconstruction before radiotherapy may have implications for healing and the final appearance of the breast. In some cases, delaying reconstruction until after radiotherapy is completed may be advised to minimise these effects. The decision is highly individualised, based on factors such as cancer stage, type of reconstruction, and your preference.
• Impact on Reconstructed Breast: Radiotherapy can induce changes in the reconstructed breast, affecting skin texture, elasticity, and potentially leading to fibrosis (hardening of the tissue). These changes can alter the cosmetic outcome and may require additional interventions to address. The effects of radiotherapy are generally more pronounced with implant-based reconstructions but can also impact autologous tissue reconstructions like DIEP flap.
• Preparing for Radiotherapy: Preparation involves discussions with the radiation oncology team to understand the treatment plan, potential side effects, and how to care for the skin during treatment. For patients with reconstructed breasts, special considerations may be necessary to optimise the treatment plan and minimise adverse effects on the reconstructed tissue.
• During Treatment: The course of radiotherapy typically spans several weeks, with treatments administered five days a week. Techniques to protect the surrounding tissue and maximise the focus on the target area are employed, but ongoing communication with the healthcare team about any side effects or concerns is crucial.
• Managing Side Effects: Common side effects include skin irritation, redness, and fatigue. Strategies to manage these include gentle skin care routines, wearing loose clothing, and maintaining good nutrition and hydration. The medical team can provide specific recommendations and interventions to alleviate these side effects.

Radiotherapy’s Impact on DIEP Flap Reconstruction

Understanding the impact of radiotherapy on DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction is vital for individuals who have chosen this reconstructive option. While DIEP flap reconstructions are designed to withstand the effects of radiotherapy better than implant-based reconstructions, there are still considerations to bear in mind:

• Tissue Changes: Radiotherapy can lead to changes in the texture and elasticity of the reconstructed breast, potentially causing firmness, shrinkage, or changes in shape. These effects result from the radiation’s impact on the blood vessels and connective tissue within the flap.
• Aesthetic Outcomes: The cosmetic outcomes of DIEP Flap Reconstruction post-radiotherapy may differ from initial expectations. While the technique preserves much of the breast’s natural appearance and feel, radiotherapy can alter these outcomes. Additional surgical interventions may be necessary to address changes caused by radiotherapy, aiming to improve symmetry and the overall aesthetic of the breast.
• Healing and Complications: The healing process may be prolonged, and the risk of complications such as wound healing issues or fat necrosis (dead fat cells within the flap) could increase. Close monitoring by the surgical and oncological team is essential to identify and address any issues promptly.
• Preventive Measures and Management: Strategies to minimise the impact of radiotherapy on DIEP flap reconstructions include precise planning of radiation treatment to target cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue as much as possible. Advances in radiotherapy techniques, such as IMRT, have improved outcomes by reducing the dose of radiation received by the reconstructed breast.

FAQs about DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction and Radiotherapy

How long after DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction can I start radiotherapy?

• The optimal timing for starting radiotherapy after DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction depends on several factors, including your healing progress, the specifics of the cancer treatment plan, and the recommendations of your oncology team. Typically, a waiting period of 6 weeks is necessary to allow for significant healing of the reconstructed breast to minimise complications. This interval is usually discussed and planned by the surgical and oncology team to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Can DIEP Flap Reconstruction be done after radiotherapy?

• Yes, DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction can be performed after radiotherapy, although the timing and approach may be adjusted based on the effects of the radiotherapy on the skin and tissues. Radiotherapy can cause changes that affect healing and the viability of the reconstructed breast. Dr Soliman will carefully evaluate your case, considering the quality of the skin and tissue, to determine the feasibility and timing of the reconstruction.

What lifestyle modifications are recommended during radiotherapy for breast reconstruction patients?

• During radiotherapy, you are advised to adopt lifestyle modifications to support your health and the effectiveness of the treatment. This includes maintaining a nutritious diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants to support healing, staying hydrated, managing stress through relaxation techniques or meditation, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption.

How do I manage the emotional impact of undergoing both DIEP Flap Reconstruction and radiotherapy?

• Managing the emotional impact involves seeking support and utilising resources designed to assist you through your treatment and recovery. Engaging with mental health professionals who specialise in oncology, joining support groups, and finding a community of individuals with similar experiences can be incredibly beneficial. Additionally, keeping open lines of communication with the healthcare team and loved ones can provide a strong support network.

Are there any advancements in DIEP Flap Reconstruction and radiotherapy that could impact my treatment plan?

• Advancements in both DIEP Flap Reconstruction and radiotherapy techniques continue to evolve, offering improved outcomes and reduced side effects. Innovations such as more precise imaging and mapping technologies for flap surgery, as well as targeted radiotherapy approaches that minimise exposure to healthy tissues, are enhancing the safety and effectiveness of treatment.

Further Reading about Breast Reconstruction with Sydney Specialist Plastic Surgeon Dr Bish Soliman

• Read more about FAQs about DIEP Breast Reconstruction Surgery
• Read more about Why Dr Soliman Prefers DIEP Breast Reconstruction?
• Read more about Who Are the Best DIEP Breast Reconstruction Surgeons in the World?
• Read more about Medicare for DIEP Breast Reconstruction
• Read more about How Much Does Breast Reconstruction cost in Australia?
• Read more about Preparing for Your DIEP Flap Surgery
• Read more about DIEP Flap Reconstruction – Common Concerns and Myths
• Read more about What to Wear after DIEP Flap Reconstruction
• Read more about Lymphatic Drainage Massage Post Operatively after DIEP
• Read more about Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation after DIEP Flap Surgery
• Read more about How to Reduce Scars after DIEP Surgery

Medical References about DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction and Radiotherapy

• How Radiation Therapy Affects Breast Reconstruction – Breast Reconstruction Associates
• Preoperative Radiotherapy and DIEP Flap Reconstruction in Women Requiring Mastectomy for Breast Cancer – The ASCO post
• Radiotherapy and breast reconstruction – Annals of Breast Surgery
• Ask your doctor: Radiation and DIEP flap breast reconstruction – American Society of Plastic Surgeons